Formation of National Bank Essay

            In American history, banks are among the oldest business structure and one of the largest, oldest and important industries. The structure of the bank is in a way that is accessible to each citizen although banks and banking seems to work mysterious. The bank serves economic functions in operating a payment system although modern economy is boosted with an efficient payment system in swiping cards, atm. The establishment of the National Bank from Hamilton efforts to start fight for the needs and what would help the country to create free enterprise opportunity. The authority bill advocates the start of National Bank in American.            Alexander Hamilton is the sole proprietor of national bank. Being the secretary of treasury, Hamilton has suggested benefits the country would have from the national bank comparing it with the banks of England. He wanted a national bank to be created where the federal government could achieve their appropriate goals, keeping their money and insuring their properties. He was convinced that the tenth amendment was the appropriate mean and a proper constitution in specified albeit. On the contrary, Jefferson vehemently opposed Hamilton contributions on the matters of financial policy as the tenth amendment interpretation of the on the policies (Sylla, Wright & Cowen, 2009). Jefferson argues constitutionally that the Federal government has no authority to give any bank a go forward document. Nonetheless after the world war era Washington adopted Hamilton ideas and gave the first National bank 20 years charter in 1791 (Rhoades, 2010). Alexander Hamilton organized a move ment advocating the creation of a central bank due to financial constraint after the end war.            The bank plays an important part in entrepreneurship in to the republicans; bank has played a crucial part in storing money stock for the country. The bank makes legal tender by holding obligated reserves in exchange request. The National bank offers financial intermediation in investing money we deposit by lending it to business enterprises and households they want to credit. The world is becoming competitive and small businesses rise have done well. The banks today copies Hamilton evolution of National bank. Banks creates profit with the stockholders by charging debtors more for loans than they pay those who deposit the money. The entrepreneurial spirit is very stable and stronger today in academic recognition and entrepreneur and economic crisis (Ciobotaru, 2013). This creates opportunities for the Native American to feel free to get loan giving them the ability to start business for themselves. They offer loan with small interest, which they pay regularly.          It provides intermediate functions of the bank as it finance many generation of entrepreneurs and other business builds American economy. Moreover, the bank plays a common role in the society. It acts as the power point of all evolving enterprise in America business firms for strengthening capital regulation and official regulation agencies. In addition, private banks also serve as a monitor in provision of information with collaboration with the National bank. Conclusion            In fact, Hamilton contribution to evolution of National bank has inspired many in life. He had focused in the future and saw the need of banks to provoke the spirit of entrepreneurs in young generation. Through financing the community, banks have benefited from the interests from the debtors making it to flourish in business and country economic development. We should embrace these ideas of bank to benefit from its resources. Reference Ciobotaru, A. (2013). Entrepreneurial education as a society project. An essay on the conceptualization of the spirit of initiative and entrepreneurship in educational field. Review Of Economic Studies & Research Virgil Madgearu,  6(1), 41-76. Rhoades, S. A. (2010).  Bank mergers and banking structure in the United States, 1980-98. Diane Publishing. Sylla, R., Wright, R. E., & Cowen, D. J. (2009). Alexander Hamilton, central banker: crisis management during the US financial panic of 1792.  Business History Review,  83(01), 61-86. Source document

Music History Medieval -> Baroque Notes

Music History 1st year midterm notes Chapter V: The Middle Ages and the Evolution of Polyphony Early Middle Ages (5th-10th century) High Middle Ages (1 lath-13th century) Late Middle Ages (14th-1 5th century) Composers: Hildebrand of Binge (1098-1179) Songs composed Plainchant Sequence: Combat Aspect About: -German writer, composer, philosopher, Christian, and visionary -had visions and later recognized as a gift from god. -was sent to the church in god's service, due to her visions or political position. -elected magistrate in her community in 1136 -wrote 69 musical compositions music composed is very monophonic.Banter De Vendor (1130? – 1200?) Court Music: La Dough Vote -a troubadour and secular composer -his composition/writing style helped establish the classical form of courtly love poetry -is French -approximately 45 of his composition and works survived. Pertain/Pertain the Great (End of 12th Century – Beginning of 13th Century) Organza Music: Alleluia: Diffuse e st. gratin -European Composer (believed to be French) -pioneered the style of organza triplet/quadrupled (3/4 part harmonies) -his works are preserved in the â€Å"Magnums Libber† Gallinule De Mach Nova)Songs Composed Polyphonic Progression: Dame, De quiz touted ma Joke event Quant en mom -Medieval French poet and composer -part of the musical movement known as Ears Nova -helped developed the motet and secular song forms -survived the black death/plague -composed 400 poems, 235 ballades, 76 rounded, 39 varietals, 24 alas, 10 complaint's and 7 chansons royals. -majority of his poems reflect on the conventions of courtly love. Chapter VI: The Renaissance Began in Italy after late middle ages and spread to the rest of Europe Cultural movement that spanned from 14th-17th centuryThe printing press was developed which helped spread this movement. Gallinule Duffy (1397-1474) New Attitudes: Eve Maria Stella -Netherlands composer of the early renaissance -most famous and influential c omposer in Europe in the 1 5th century -printing press allowed for his works to spread rapidly -wrote 7 complete masses, 28 individual mass movements, 15 chants, 3 magnificent, 15 antiphons, 27 hymns, 22 motets, and 87 chansons.Joaquin des Perez High Renaissance Style: Panged lingua Mass, Keri Panged lingua Mass, from the Gloria Music As Expression : Mille Regrets Netherlands composer of high renaissance -wrote both sacred and secular music -wrote 18 masses, 100 motets, 70 chansons -traveled a lot -a humanist composer, uses word painting Giovanni Pepperoni dad Palestinian (1525-1594) Late Renaissance Style: Pope Marcella Mass -Italian Renaissance Composer -Incidentally enough, was born in a town called Palestinian -under the influence of the European style of polyphony -choir master and composer -wrote 105 masses, 68 offertories, 140 madrigals, 300 motets Thomas weeks (1576-1623) Secular Music Style of Renaissance: As Vests was from Lattes Hill English Composer -Became organist of W inchester College and Chester Cathedral 1 598 -wrote many many madrigals -works consisted heavily on vocal compositions -most anthems written are verse anthems Chapter VI': The Early Baroque Period From 1600-1680 Period of artistic style and development of exaggerations and motions Encouraged by the roman catholic church Giovanni Gabriele (1554-1612) Renaissance to Baroque Progression: O magnum mysteries -Italian composer and organist -Influential musician in the shift of Renaissance to Baroque -born in Venice -became organist of SST. Marks Basilica in 1585Later Medieval Polyphony Anonymous: Round: Summer is legmen In CD 1:5 -repeating motifs everywhere -Early medieval English round or paragons (I. E. Row row Row your boat) Mach: Dame, De quiz touted ma Joke event CD 1:6 Mach: Quant en mom -French -Motet -lots of dissonance -floats melody Chapter VI: The Renaissance Ears Nova: 14th century -age of exploration -age of humanism -focus of human life and accomplishment, of appreciation in the beauty of a life – secular movement develops New Attitudes Duffy: Eve Mans Stella CD -very arrogantly decorated -floats modal melody -in Gregorian style -Latin The High Renaissance Style – blend of homophony, and imitative counterpoint. – has rich harmonic textures – usually in chapel onlyJoaquin: Panged lingua Mass, Keri CD 1:8 -very implicates -repeating motifs in other voice parts -ends palpably Joaquin: Panged lingua Mass, from the Gloria CD 1:9 -repeating motifs in other parts in specific order -pneumatic Music as Expression Joaquin: Mille Regrets CD 1:10 -very intimate and sad -unresolved ending -word painting used heavily -motifs taking turns in other parts Late Renaissance Music Palestinian: Pope Marcella Mass CD 1 -solid chord structures -every part is equally as important The Motet Secular music of the Renaissance Wilkes: As Vests was from Lattes Hill CD 1:12 -English -very secular heavily polyphonic, pneumatic -word painting heavily emph asized -danceable Instrumental Music: Early Developments Anon: Gaillardia Daphne CD 1:13 -triple time -dance rhythms Anon: Kemps Gig CD 1:14 -fast and with dance rhythms -duple time Dance Stabilization Basso Continuo: Chords that are written specifically for an instrument that fills in the harmonic textures. -allows soloists to sing more freely Castrate: Male singers who were menstruated so that they could sing soprano parts. -aristocrats of opera -very very wealthy From Renaissance to Baroque G.Gabriel': O magnum mysteries CD 1:15 -homophobic full, rich chords and structures Style Features of Early Baroque Music Opera – tells a story – all dialogue is sung Monteverdi: Coronation of Poppa CD 1:16-17 -Italian -Homophobic -has aria -dialogue in song -telling a story Purcell: Dido and Names CD 1: 18-19 -very sad -minor key going chromatically down -repeats base motif over and over again but becoming more decorative as the song progresses -Italian on 18 -English on 19 The Rise of Instrumental Music Foreseeable: Suite (Cannons, Ballet, Corrected, and piccalilli) CD 1:20-23 -very dance like -only played by instrument -sounds like an organ

Amateurism in Ncaa football Essay Example for Free

Amateurism in Ncaa football Essay The National Collegiate Athletic Association is corrupted with sneakiness, unfairness and greediness, particularly in division one colleges. In North America, sports play a huge role, especially sports like football, hockey, basketball and baseball. Sometimes this causes us to become vanished of fairness, like are the players being treated right? A great example of injustice in sports is amateurism of football players in division one colleges. Division one and division two athletes must obtain amateurism, which is playing the sport as a hobby rather than for the money, many would define amateurism as worthy but it is really tainted and monopolized! Should NCAA athletes get paid? Numerous of people would easily answer no because college athletes are on scholarships and various athletic departments loses money even with a winning record. Also college athletes have advantages with free tuition, books, living expenses, food, clothing and health. Although all of these features appear wonderful but there are more cons than pros of amateurism. For example the NCAA is a business that are making money out of these athletes basically for free and yes they do receive tuition but that does not compare to the large amount of money the NCAA is making out of them. According the Stanford Review, college athletic is a multimillion-dollar industry with recruiting the best of the best in the nation. So why not pay the best of the best, if they put in all this hard work, then they should be rewarded. Instead the National Colligate Athletic Association is a monopoly because of its limitation of scholarships and other payments to boost its college sports program. Also not all of the athletes receive scholarships. College football players put in more work on the field than they do in the classrooms. For example when in season they have five-hour practices and that doesn’t include lifting for an hour and this is from Tuesday to Friday with game day on Saturday. After the season is over then they begin spring ball which is just only practices and plus they don’t have a summer break because they have to stay for summer ball. We consider college athletes as student athletes but that is such an oxymoron because in realty their sport does come before their schoolwork. When playing in a big division one school, most athletes believe to make it in the big leagues but sadly only about 2% makes it. Colleges should stress more on education for so call student athletes but they don’t because of the athlete’s popularity and how the NCAA is making money out of them regardless if they have a future afterward or not. It’s horrible how the NCAA contract includes that when an athlete commits and decides to transfer to play for another school then they have to sit out a year. This rule is so unfair because coaches don’t have to do that. The NCAA is the biggest monopoly in America according to Bloomberg Businessweek Magazine. When selling college souvenirs and jerseys, videogames, etc and the athlete does not make any money from that, even if they are the main reason for those sales. It is amazing that most players receive a free education but does not compare to what the NCAA is making off of them. The players should receive a cut of these profits or gain a portion of this money after graduation so it can help them financially with their futures. Sadly the NCAA is too considerate of themselves and if an athlete is injure or not performing well then they have no problem wiping their name off the record books. The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a business that makes tons of money from college athletes. Another reason why the NCAA doesn’t pay their athletes is because they will be tax and they can lose a lot of money from that. Well, professional sports obviously pay their athletes and they are tax too but the professional leagues are doing well. College basketball and college football are highly talked about and televised just like the professional sports so it shouldn’t be a problem if college athletes get paid. With amateurism in college sports, athletic programs cheat. They secretly cheat by illegally over paying top players or handing them out free stuff. For instance Cam Newton who was an All-American quarterback playing for Auburn and Mississippi before was secretly offered 120,000 to 18,000 from Mississippi State. Playing in top division one colleges, â€Å"winning isn’t everything, it’s the only thing† and if athletic programs will cheat to have the best recruits and this is no surprise. If amateurism didn’t exist, there wouldn’t be any cheating scandals and every player will treated equally from their performance. Brown, Noah. â€Å"The NCAA Monopoly – The Toonari Post – News, Powered by the People! † The Toonari Post. N. p. , 24 Mar. 2011. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. . Amateurism in Ncaa football. (2017, Jun 03).

History of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

History of China - Essay Example Mao used an approach similar to that of Qin dynasty that is ruling with spreading fear and hatred against himself due to his policies and style. After his victory over Chiang Kai-shek in 1949 that was a communist leader, and the creating of the People's Republic of China, Mao's position was seen as very strong in China. Although Chinese people had endured a lot during this time, but it seemed not too hard for Mao to persuade them of his visionary force and practical need for the Great Leap Forward of the late 1950s and he was successful in doing so. Despite the deaths of millions he caused, Mao was both a creative thinker and a practical person. He learned as a youth not only how Shang Yang a previous Qin Dynasty leader brought cruel laws to the Chinese people. Mao also knew that the Qin rulers had been both hated and feared and that there dynasty was soon ended due to their actions, despite its strength of force and efficient use of terror. Finally Mao died in 1976 but left a mark o n the history of China. Mao had difficulty during his time to establish a successful domestic economic and social policy for China. In 1958, Mao placed a Great Leap Forward, which was mainly a trial to break with the Russian model of Communism and to fill the Chinese people with renewed radical energy. Approximately 20-30 million people died in the food crisis as the program badly failed, between the years 1958-61. Thus, Mao withdrew temporarily from public view. As the result of the failure, help from Soviet Union also ended which was another shock for China. The major cause of the failing of every strategy implied by Chairman Mao whether its socialism, capitalism, dictatorship or democracy was his way of ruling over the people. A solid proof is his continuous changing of the five-year plan. Chairman Mao is held in high regard in China and is often portrayed as a great revolutionary leader and a military and political genius. He led China through difficult times such as of the War of Resistance and the Ci vil War and changed China from a weak country into a major power through his social and economic reforms. However a number of the reforms put into action by Mao have been condemned and held responsible by critics from inside and across the borders of the territory of China to result in stern harm to the culture, economy, society, and foreign relations of the country on the whole. Mao launched the First Five Year Plan in 1953-58. It aimed to end Chinese reliance upon agriculture in order to become a world power. With assistance from USSR, new plants were set-up and agricultural production declined heavily and low enough from the point where the industrialization prospered enough that the country needed no further support from the USSR. The success of the First Five Year Plan gave confidence to Mao to instigate the Second Five Year Plan, the Great Leap Forward, in 1958, which turned out to be a major failure because of his tyranny. The opposition against him was so large and strong that he had to take some action, which he did in the form of massive killings. Another reason for the failing of all kinds of reforms implemented by Chairman Mao was the motive behind them. According to many writers this is proved that every five-year plan and every social or economic policy Chairman Mao implemented was to reduce the power of his opponents or was to eliminate them. During the Great Leap Fo

Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Public Relations - Essay Example The primary reasons behind their failure to effectively, efficiently and consistently practice the PR have been further attributed with the lack of proper resources and ineffective time management as well as faulty resource allocation (Gale, 2007). Contextually, involving in community development activities is often considered as a vital strategy for promoting relationships as well as developing long-term prosperous ownership of initiatives with variety of important publics emphasizing on the sustainability needs of the organization through stakeholder engagement. In order to attain successful outcomes from the campaigns that are designed to promote healthy relationship with large group of population and encouraging behavioral change concerning with certain specific issues identified by NPOs, it is crucial that proper strategies and planning is devised prior to the commencement of the campaign. It is equally necessary that effective monitoring and evaluation is developed for ensuring the quality and effectiveness of the undertaken PR campaigns (Gale, 2007). Based on these considerations, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of PR initiatives engaging United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and its public in relation to certain health related issues including cancer awareness, drug abuse prevention, smoking cessations and child welfare among others. Identification of Key Publics The primary reason behind determining the target group is to identify the groups and audiences who need to change their perceptions, behavioral traits and attitudes (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2010). The proper identification of audiences and their efficient segmentation can facilitate in determining the course of communication in the most progressive way. Contextually, UNICEF attempts to communicate with a wide range of the public maintaining a mutually beneficial relationship. Each of these public groups is further identified to have unique sets of issues concerning with various health factors (United Nations Children’s Fund, 2005). Correspondingly, the communication campaign initiated with due concern towards health issues, UNICEF targeted the group of public including men and women living in the most deprived areas specially those working in hazardous environmental conditions. For similar kind of PR campaigns, the school and college going young and adult people, who tend to easily get habituated to smoking and are vulnerable to drug abuse, can also be treated as the target audiences. Similarly, parents and teenagers were also targeted for the campaigns in order promote child welfare by UNICEF in its PR campaigns concerning the progress needs for women and children. With reference to the organizational vision and PR initiatives, the communication programs conducted by UNICEF can be divided into three fundamental groups of audiences in general, including men and women workin g in hazardous working environment, school and college going children and adult prone to unsocial lifestyles, and the parents who are primarily engaged in the working followed by teenagers (NGLS, 2009; United Nations Children’s Fund, 2005). Effectiveness of Communication between UNICEF and Its Intended People The perquisite for effective communication requires timely preparation, effective use of languages, proper understanding of culture where the campaign will be held and

Medical Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Medical Law and Ethics - Essay Example It is thus clear that Jerry is not qualified to carry out the supply to the patient (Baxter & Brennan, 2005). The only qualification required lawfully to dispense medication to any patient or any medical situation in and outside the healthcare setting is a license to do so. With or with no medical training, it is against the law to refill a medical script with no the appropriate license. There are several factors as to why Jerry should not refill the prescription. Firstly, valium is not an anti-depressant as the patient claims. In fact, this drug can do more harm to depression. Secondly, Jerry has no authority to recommend medications (Herring, 2006). Each every medication refills ought to be approved by the doctor or another empowered figure at the hospital, finally, the decision on whether the patient needs valium in the course of the flight or not is made by the patient’s physician and not by the patient himself. Even if the medication were required to control high blood pressure, it would make no difference, according to the medical ethics; Jerry is not qualified to issue medical prescriptions. Jerry is supposed to convince the patient that he is not qualified to refill the prescription but is willing to do everything to make sure that he informs the doctor. If the patient were in a critical condition, the right thing would be to make an effort of reaching Dr. Williams for the sake of the emergency with the critical patient’s prescription to be filled in. Once the Doctor is back from the lunch break, Jerry ought to provide the order to him so that it can be filled as soon as possible (Fremgen, 2008). In this case, both the doctor and Jerry are liable for the act of medical negligence. Precisely Jerry would be charged since he is not protected from any charges under the doctrine of respondent superior.

Recession and Cosmetics Demand Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recession and Cosmetics Demand - Research Paper Example Therefore a decline in their real income makes goods and services relatively expensive. In economics demand is influenced by a number of factors and this include price, price of substitutes and income. For a normal good as the price of this good increases then the demand for this product declines, assuming that all the goods in an economy are normal goods and that cosmetics are substitutes to highly luxurious goods then it is evident that a decline in the income of consumers will result into a relative increase in the price of the luxurious goods which will be substituted with less expensive cosmetics. This is referred to as the substitution effect, the following diagram shows the effect of an increase in price on the demand. Consumers want to maximize their utility, in order to maximize utility consumers want to increase the total units of goods consumed, however the total units of goods and services purchased is determined by the budget line and the indifference curve, for this reason therefore the decline in income results into a decline in the real income and therefore consumers will only purchase a few units of goods, in order to maximize utility the consumer will opt to purchase... The article states that the employment level and investment in the cosmetics industry increases in a recession, this can be explained by the multiplier effect, as the level of demand increases as discussed above investors anticipate higher demand and as a result they invest more, more investment mean that the level of employment in this industry will increase. Therefore investment is influenced by the high demand in this industry. This scenario can also be explained by the inferior good concept, the demand for inferior goods decline as the income of consumers increases, at a certain level of income consumers no longer demand the inferior goods and therefore it is true to state that as the income level declines the inferior good demand increases, the following diagram shows the changes in the demand curve as income increase for an inferior good: From the above diagram it is evident that as the level of income increases the demand increases however at a certain level of income an increase in income will result inot a decline in demand. For this reason therefore cosmetics especially lipstick can be considered as an inferior good whereby during economic hardships and the level of income is declining the demand for this good increases, it is also true that when income increases the demand for this good declines. Conclusion: From the above discussion it is evident that the article states that the cosmetic industry does not change as expected, in the first case we associate cosmetics with the theory of inferior goods whose demand declines as income increases and therefore demand may increase as the level of income declines in a recession. Consumers also experience an increase in relative prices as their real income declines, this means that as consumer

Fall colours Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fall colours - Essay Example Science Content The general perception is that cold weather or autumn is the predominant reason for the colour change. According to The United States National Arboretum, â€Å"while temperature may dictate the color and its intensity, it is only one of many environmental factors that play a part in painting deciduous woodlands in glorious fall colors† (par. 2). This was corroborated by Schwartz who averred that â€Å"although day length, light, temperature, ground moisture and insects all affect fall colours, scientists say that climate change might also be having an impact† (Schwartz par. 22). Source: The United States National Arboretum Source: Schwartz A simple explanation on why leaves change their colour in fall was provided in Science News. As indicated, the rationale stems from the three main pigments in leaves, identified as â€Å"carotene, anthocyanin, and the photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll, which captures the sun’s energy to make food for plantsâ €  (University of Wisconsin-Madison par. 2). The most predominantly abundant pigment was identified to be chlorophyll which is responsible for giving the leaves the color green reportedly during summer and spring. The article likewise indicated that there is another crucial component in the leaves, auxin, which was a chemical noted to control cells, specifically at the base part of the leaf: the abscission layer. During spring or summer, the abscission layer was identified to be prevented from full development by the auxin and therefore restricts the connection of the leaves to the alleged circulatory system of the tree (University of Wisconsin-Madison). Then, as explicitly noted, during fall, â€Å"cooler and shorter days trigger an end to auxin production, allowing the abscission layer to grow and cut off the circulation of water, nutrients and sugar to the leaves. When this happens, chlorophyll disintegrates rapidly, letting carotene shine through as the yellow in maple, aspe n and birch leaves† (University of Wisconsin-Madison par. 4). The roles of other environmental factors were further explained in the article published by The United States National Arboretum. Accordingly, â€Å"temperature, sunlight, and soil moisture greatly influence the quality of the fall foliage display† (The United States National Arboretum par. 8). Likewise, at its simplest narrative structure, Schwartz added that â€Å"leaves at the top and outer edges of a canopy usually have far brighter colour than the leaves that get less intense sunlight† (par. 13). Thus, the position of the leaves, the exposure to sunlight, the location and kind of trees all contribute to disparities in pigmentation and colours. The reasons why changes in colours are likewise different ensue from masking of pigments in leaves. As indicated: â€Å"Chlorophyll normally masks the yellow pigments known as xanthophylls and the orange pigments called carotenoids — both then become visible when the green chlorophyll is gone. These colors are present in the leaf throughout the growing season. Red and purple pigments come from anthocyanins. In the fall anthocyanins are manufactured from the sugars that are trapped in the leaf. In most plants anthocyanins are typically not present during the growing season† (The United States National Arboretum par. 6) Applications The change in colours of leaves during autumn affect people in terms of influencing emotions through the different colours that

EUROPEAN BUSINESS-'WHEREVER YOU LOCATE IN THE EU, IT IS A TRULY Essay

EUROPEAN BUSINESS-'WHEREVER YOU LOCATE IN THE EU, IT IS A TRULY INTEGRETED MARKET.' DISCUSS AND EVALUATE THIS STATEMENT - Essay Example This necessarily implies the abolition of tariffs and quotas for imports among the member-nations, without abolishing the same tariffs and quotas in their trade with third countries. Essentially, the free trade area agreement is a preferential trade agreement, and the products covered by the removal of tariffs and trades may be limited, or may encompass the entire manufacturing sector. The next stage of economic integration is the customs union, where internal tariffs and quotas are accompanied by certain external trade restrictions, or where external tariffs and quotas are harmonized. This level of integration sought to address the weakness of the free trade area, which was vulnerable because of the member countries’ unequal policies with external trade. This invited third countries to target the member country with the most favourable tariff policies. Under the customs union, there is resort to the creation of common regulatory bodies and institutions endowed with police powers to control and regulate trade within the union. The third level, the common market, is also known as a single market. In this stage of integration, there is free factor mobility of goods among the member countries, in the form of goods, capital, labour, and services. A more intense level of regulation is implicit, and institutions are established to monitor and oversee that decisions adopted by each state does not alter the free factor mobility in the territory. The economic union is the fourth level of integration, at which the member states harmonize their economic policies, mainly in the areas of economic and fiscal policy. A series of central institutions aids in the coordination of particular areas of economic policy to the point that sovereign states relinquish control to the supranational body. Finally, complete economic integration results with the subsequent and

Ratio Analysis Essay Example for Free

Ratio Analysis Essay The aims and objectives of this report are to compare the two companies, Kingfisher Plc. and Home Retail Group Plc., using their annual report published for the year 2011. With the help of the financial statements, it will be possible to calculate different ratios that are relevant to the comparison between the two businesses. Through this comments can then be made on the performance of both companies for the year, stating some of the possible factors that could have made affected this. Comparison will be on a year-to-year basis and then between the two companies as a whole. When comparing two companies like Kingfisher and the Home Retail Group, there are a few limitations needed to be considered before this is possible. The first would be the different accounting policies that each corporation have chosen to adapt to their financial statements; this could be in regards of the depreciation or inventory valuation method used for the preparation of relevant statements. Another important point to note is that financial statements are based on historical information and therefore this would not be as objective to when we come to use them for the comparison. Expanding on this, the closing balances on the statement may make the ratios appear misleading when comparing the two companies for the period, i.e. seasonal sale boost; Christmas and New Year promotion. The main issue that should be considered is the date that they have published their account Kingfisher being 31st January 2011 and Home Retail Group at 28th February 2011. So it would not be possible to make a more accurate comparison, as the economic conditions may have changed for that one month Kingfisher did not trade. Although it would suggest comparing the two businesses is not ideal, the two companies are somewhat similar. Therefore this should make the approximation more accurate and thus the comparison more meaningful. Kingfisher PLC Kingfisher is a company that focuses on mainly offering its customers home improvements products for DIY and such likes. Its main retail brand in the UK is BQ with a market share of 14% and they are currently top of the market. They are also making a respectable breakthrough in France with their brands, Castorama and Brico Depot taking 21% of the market share with the top place. Moreover they have expanded to Germany, Turkey, Spain, China, Poland and Russia

The Evolution Of Rhetoric In The Electronic Age

The Evolution Of Rhetoric In The Electronic Age The reason for this research paper is to discuss the future rhetoric of our new Electronic Generation. Rhetoric is an art of public speaking and, in our day and age, electronics play a major part. This paper will explain the rhetorical aspects of this potential transformation into an all electronic world. The information of this paper will explain the history of rhetoric and how we got to where we are today. It will also speak of some the major philosophers about this change in our new generation. Rhetoric is defined as the art or study of using language effectively and persuasively. From ancient Greece to the late nineteenth century, it was an essential part of Western education to teach public speakers and writers to persuade listeners to action with arguments. At the turn of the 20th century, there was a profound interest of rhetorical study began to grow in the organization of departments of rhetoric and speech at colleges and universities, as well as the development of national and international professional organizations. Some modern theorists believe that it was important to restore the interest of the study of rhetoric because of the renewed importance of language and persuasion in the progressively reconciled environment of the twentieth century and through the twenty-first century, with the media spotlight on the wide difference s and analyses of political rhetoric and its result s. With the expansion of marketing and of mass media such as photography, telegraphy, ra dio, and film, rhetoric is being more notably conveyed into peoples lives. In spite of its legacy as a moral way for persuasion, rhetoric has come to take on negative undertones. Through the years, generations have forgotten whats the real meaning of rhetoric is and has somehow implicate that this word is deceptive and untrustworthy. Today, rhetoric is greatly utilized by mass media in a derogatory manner, particularly when associated to public policies and politicians. Rhetoric as a systematic study was developed by a group of orators, educators, and advocates called Sophists. In the book, The History and Theory of Rhetoric: An Introduction by James Herrick, he states, Sophists employed paradoxes to shock their audiences, but also by this means to provoke debate and inquiry (Herrick, 2009). The Sophists outlook on rhetoric may very well have been the spark that ignited todays global misunderstanding on the meaning behind rhetoric. Sophists viewed rhetoric as a means that could unite pleasure with government. Sophists believed that words had the ability to medicate the audience. Although during this time when rhetoric was a skill with an increasingly expressive demand, it began to alter to a negative nuance as Platos criticisms grew more popular. The most primitive paradigm of rhetoric as a derogatory word can be followed back to Plato and his opinions about the Sophists. As one of Socrates renowned students, Plato often portrayed the Sophists as highly skillful writers who made the most of misleading language methods to persuade and influence audiences. Platos assumption on Sophism, also reiterated through the writings of Isocrates, was based on the gluttony, deception and the general lack of trust and apprehension for justice. Sophists could manipulate speech to make the worse situation appear better. The term Sophism continues to maintain the negative reputation in todays society. In Rereading the Sophists: Classical Rhetoric Refigured, author Susan Jarratt defines sophism as a derogatory term for a carefully crafted yet false argument aimed at deceiving someone (Jarratt, 1998). Sophism is also used today to describe rhetorical circumstances in which emotional demands may be emphasized over logical demands. Sophism and rhetoric have shared these negative connections into our modern era. As Christianity began to extend in the Middle Ages after the fall of the Roman Empire, societies started to connect rhetoric as expressive and fancy, but it was short of any knowledge or general idea. Due to the Church not believing expressiveness was an important aspect to communication and speech, rhetoric was diminished and viewed depreciatively. By the sixteenth century, rhetorics reputation had been revitalized, but some prominent scholars continued to pass judgment on rhetoric. Reformer Peter Ramus questioned rhetoric by stating that rhetoric was mainly a kind of verbal enhancement and as a result of little consequence. As Ramus praised dialectic and called rhetoric into question, rhetoric lost its theoretical influence, and was again viewed as nothing more than a stylistic, pessimistic speech tool. In his scheme of things, the five components of rhetoric no longer lived under the common heading of rhetoric. Instead, invention and disposition were determined to fall solely under the heading of dialectic, while style, delivery, and memory were all that stayed for rhetoric. In The Electronic Word: Technology, Democracy, and Arts written by Richard Lanham, he expresses that Ramus separated thought from language by developing a replica of education in which reason breaks free of speech (Lanham, 1993, pp. 157-158). Language bec ame an impartial tool for conveying the findings of other disciplines, and was no longer viewed as the basis of an art form that has been mastered by an educated person for its own sake. Another major contributor to the development of Western thinking about rhetoric is the great Greek philosopher, Aristotle. Aristotle was a student of Plato who famously set forth an extended treatise on rhetoric that is still repays careful study today. One of the most significant contributions of Aristotles approach was that he saw rhetoric as one of the three basic essentials of philosophy, in conjunction with logic and dialectic. In the opening words of Rhetoric authored by Aristotle, he asserts that rhetoric is the counterpart of dialectic (Aristotle Roberts, 1954, p. 30). Logic, according to Aristotle, is the area of philosophy concerned with ways of thinking to reach scientific assurance while dialectic and rhetoric are concerned with possibility and therefore is the parts of philosophy best suited to human affairs. Dialectic is an instrument for theoretical debate; it is a way for listeners to assess credible knowledge with the intention of learning. Rhetoric is an instrument for sensible debate; it is a way for convincing a common group of listeners using reliable knowledge to resolve practical issues. Dialectic and rhetoric together create a relationship for a method of persuasion derived from knowledge rather than playing on emotion. Today, modern scholars emphasize why rhetoric has taken on a derogatory connotation. They presume that there is a tendency to forget rhetorics past, which has damaged democracy by labeling all political speech as trickery, as well as unsuccessfully teaching the general public to vitally understand and make use of good speech. Richard Lanham (Lanham, 1993, pp. 243-246) disputed that the model of electronic words and texts has a natural potential to encourage democratic discourse and human thinking. Nevertheless, the source for Lanhams optimistic view of the digital age a perception that electronic textually makes no invidious distinctions between high and low culture, commercial and pure usage, talented or chance creation, visual or auditory stimulus, iconic or alphabetic information (Lanham, 1993, pp. 14) is besieged by some basic opposition which not only imply but reinforce all these oppositions. As Richard Lanham documented in his book, The Electronic Word, the presentation of w ords through the static textual display of print is quickly being replaced by the more fluid textual forms of the computer screen, which are radically altering our existing definitions of literacy. Lanham believes these new textual forms such as e-mail, network exchanges, and hypertext are changing our intellectual perception back to the root source of Western rhetoric: We can . . . think of electronic prose as moving back toward the world of oral rhetoric, where gestural symmetries were permitted and sound was omnipresent. Any prose text, by the very nature of the denial/expression tensions that create and animate it, oscillates back and forth between literate self-denial and oral permissiveness, but electronic text does so much more self-consciously, simply by the volatile nature of the written surface. A volatile surface invites us to intensify rather than subdue this oscillation, make it more rather than less self-conscious (Lanham, 1993). In addition, while some may feel the electronic explosion of inert textual structures serves to mark the death of the Western education, as demonstrated in the linear structures of print, Lanham believes it completes fairly the opposite and brings literacy more similar to another oscillation that Western thinking has always displayed. Reflecting the internal tension of elitism versus populism inherent in distinct ludic and resistance versions of postmodern theory, Lanhams digital rhetoric exemplifies an unsure oscillation between critical and aesthetic approaches to hypertext on one hand, and a more popular democratic appreciation of electronic media, the sub-cultural intertextuality of global culture, and hypermedia on the other. As Lanham exemplifies many of the hypermedia theorists and critics retained their privileged literary and critical assumptions, undermining claimed connections to the popular cultural extensions of electronic media. This is possibly because of the opposing and subjective ways in which an all-purpose hypermedia model alternates between focusing on designed interactive descriptions and the act of reading or reception as an essentially unintentional process, and (2) decreases human language and communication generally to the expressions of distinct images and information consequently also supporting an underlying conflict between print-age examples of language-use and the new and ever-present popular electronic culture. The integration of hypertext concept into a general hypermedia framework of electronic literacy is more than only a matter of describing hypermedia as hypertext extended to include electronic multimedia effects such as digitized sound and graphics. Postmodern literary models of meaning as a contingent product and play of open-ended narratives, language games, and reader-response clearly lent themselves to theorizing about hypertext. Such privileged models of textuality, reception, and aesthetic process or objects were implicitly at odds with the semiotic move to go from the subtle and intricate textual allusions of open-ended narratives mediated as verbal language-use to include the media of electronic popular culture in terms of language reduced to and even replaced by electronic imagery obsessed with the transitory fixations of human memory and desi re. The residual print assumptions of a convergence between the hypermedia model of electronic literacy and postmodern critical theories or practices is perhaps most effectively analyzed in terms of how points out, hypertext encourages both writers and readers to confront and work consciously and concretely with deconstruction, intertextuality, the decentering of the author, and the readers complicity with the construction of the text. In other words, the idea of hypertext effectively reinforces the postmodernist theories of such theorists as Barthes, Derrida, and Baudrillard that natural languages and other systems of representationespecially those involving electronic visual mediaare autonomous in relation to the diverse and contingent contexts of individual language users, specific language events, and discrete forms of verbal or visual representation. The twentieth century is perhaps the most exhilarating period in which to study rhetoric since the Middle Age. This has come about with the beginning of what is generally referred to as the New Rhetoric; the rediscovery of rhetorics epistemological significance and the critical role of persuasion and argument to our everyday lives. It is impossible to name all the causes for this new-found importance or all the contributors to the New Rhetoric, but among the most influential we must certainly consider I.A. Richards whose work on metaphor associated rhetoric to literary studies, Chaim Perelman, whose book The New Rhetoric is now a classic, Steven Toulmin, best known for his inquiries of argument, and possibly the most influential rhetorician of our era, Kenneth Burke. In teaching in the Middle Ages and years before, we have determined that rhetoric was a tool to teach students how to write good essays and, in other areas, it was a tool for persuasion. Rhetoric is widely used in business, politics, and technical writing. For example, the structure and style of letters, memos, speeches, and other kinds of documents follow the rhetorical standards. The old rhetoric dealt primarily with the structure and content of an essay or presentation. With New Rhetoric, rhetoric is given new limits. It now includes philosophy and sociology. It is no longer how to inscribe a good essay or speak a good speech, but how well we recognize communication and its influences on our lives. With the discovery of the World Wide Web (WWW), rhetoric had received a new, powerful field of its purpose. For the most part, rhetorical principles reveal its power in different kinds of Web projects. The five parts of the classical notion invention, arrangement, memory, delivery, and styleare one way we might start mediating about how to apply rhetorical ideas to writings in the twenty-first century and beyond. After all, literacy has undergone many changes in the pastfrom orality, to writing, to printand it will likely undergo many more, in ways we cannot even now imagine. We need to think about how computers and computer writing will impact the future of rhetoric, of composition and composition classes, and of literacy itself. Making hypertext documents on the WWW (World Wide Web) offers a wide range of freedom. The most astonishing difference in an electronic document is the skills to provide fairly instant access to the resources you gather during the invention process. To fully exploit the capabilities of hypertext, you should offer hypertext links that lead directly to the material you use in supporting your claims. Providing links to this material involves the audience in the invention process; your audience can have access to your primary materials and verify the validity of your evidence. Locating supporting information is greatly facilitated by search engines that can explore the Web for you, tracking down useful and relevant evidence to support your own presentations. In addition, many Web sites grant permission to use their digitized images. In an electronic document, there is no easy distinction between a beginning, middle, and an end. Determining a suitable arrangement for your electronic document depends on your creativity. Innovative arrangements are largely a matter of style can have powerful emotional appeal for an audience. Gorgias recognized the persuasive power of atypical uses of language, for changes in the usual order and meaning affected the audience. Today in the electronic age, Gorgias insights still remains true, but of course their submissions have expanded. Writing documents for the WWW creates an entirely new world, or cyberspace, one wide open to new ways of expression, and maybe meaning. An image, like a figure of speech can communicate meaning and provide your rhetorical principle. The same can be said for color. Color, like a trope, covers your meaning, provides your reason or at least it can. Of course, and image, and color has to provide a purpose but it must be suitable to the situation. Memory is fourth of the ancient standard of rhetoric. In the ancient law courts and assemblies, men were often called upon to deliver speeches without the help of written comments. The Greeks and Romans developed intricate memory systems that allowed them to give speeches precisely as it was written. Memory on the Web means some entirely different. Most people take it to mean the ways that readers can remember where they are and where they have been while they surf the net. In the days when text was written only to be conveyed verbally, the ability to persuasively delivery of a speech was one of the premier talents. Delivery is obviously related to the other standards, especially style, because your usefulness as an orator of text varying in large parts on the method of delivery that you chooses. In the hypertext world, delivery takes on some new obstacles. Were no longer certain who will be listening to our speech, nor are we positive that theyll even hear it the same way. The documents we generate are read by browsers, which decipher the HTML code for presenting on the monitor. Because each of these browsers maintains very different features, successful delivery is contingent on writing documents that predict the difference among browsers. Rhetoric, this art of persuasion, totally distorted our insight of the truth. Everything depends on the ability of speaker or writer to affectively captivate the audience using his or her credibility, detailed style, and compelling arguments. Anything can be shown as the truth. Due to this capability to alter anything to the truth the Rhetoric became an indispensable tool in the business communication. How to persuade people to purchase goods, services, ideasanything, that business word generates? How to encourage them that this is a necessity or this is the truth? It cannot be accomplished without rhetoric. The rhetorical theories had been altered by our highly technological age, but they did not modify in their real meaning. There is the truth that subsist in rhetoricits values itself. Rhetoric has not lost its inability in 21st century, but vice versa, we can observe that rhetorical theories reveal itself in any document individually from technology that was used for its establishing. On the one handRhetorical theories are used in todays writing, publishing, and electronic documents as a way of persuasion. On the other handrhetoric is no longer an essential humanist study of structure and content but a study on how and why we communicate and what we can learn from the methods of communication.

Feminist Approaches to Social Work Essay -- Gender Roles, Sexism, Oppr

This work is going to set out to investigate the relevance of feminist approaches to social work in today’s society. It will first look at the different types of feminism that are present in society. It will then trace and highlight the emergence of feminism in society. This essay will then delve deeper into the different types of approaches that were taken on by feminists within the field of social work. It will discuss what effect these approaches had on society especially women. According to Hooks (2000) as cited in Considine and Dukelow (2009:141) â€Å"Feminism is a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression†. It is necessary to explain the different types of feminism that are present in society first. Freedman (2001:5) states that there are many different strands of feminism present in society, but the three most commonly recognised are liberal feminism, Marxist feminism and radical feminism, her explanation of these are as follows. Liberal feminism is based on the idea that everyone within a state should have the same rights and women should be treated equally to men. Marxist feminism is based on the belief that women’s maltreatment is linked back to capitalism. Radical feminists believe that men’s authority over women has a connection with patriarchy. The above explanation has been a brief introduction to the different types of feminism present in society. At a later stage within in this work, it will be examined wh at effect feminism has had on social work and society as a whole. Now that the meaning of feminism has been ascertained and the different types of feminism present in society today highlighted it is necessary to examine the emergence of feminism. Considine and Dukelow (2009:141) argue that f... ...uding marriage, employment and social work agencies, to give up power (ibid: 257). It quite evident that unless there is a reduction in the power that men still hold over women in society today that feminist theory will not be accepted and recognised. Millet (1971) as cited in Slattery (2003:157) states â€Å"Patriarchy’s chief institution is the family†. For many decades the Catholic Church in Ireland held a tight reign over people in society. Both men and women conformed to what they preached. Women in society were denied their rights by the establishment of reformatories and institutions by the Catholic Church. When a woman fell pregnant and was not married she would be sent to one of these institutions. Society was only informed recently of the terrible ordeals that these women had to succumb to through the publication of many reports that were carried out.

The Rights Issues of Digital Preservation in the Digital Era :: Preservation Access Library Science

The Rights Issues of Digital Preservation in the Digital Era Not long ago, Anthony Grafton, the distinguished Princeton historian, published a history of the footnote. An intellectual tool that is â€Å"the humanist’s rough equivalent of the scientist’s report on data,† the footnote offers â€Å"the empirical support for stories told and arguments presented.† No doubt we all remember our own experiences of awe and wonder when we learned how to interpret a footnote and so began to understand the mechanics of scholarly reference. However, according to Grafton, â€Å"no one has described the way that footnotes educate better than Harry Belafonte, who recently told the story of his early reading of W. E. B. DuBois.† As a young West Indian sailor, Belafonte learned to read critically when he figured out how the footnote opened a world of learning. â€Å"I discovered,† Belafonte said, â€Å"that at the end of some sentences there was a number and if you looked at the foot of the page the reference was to what it was all about—what source DuBois gleaned his information from.† However, Belafonte did not find the task of learning from references to be easy at first and was stymied by the methods that DuBois used to cite his references. Trying to track them down, he says that he went to a library in Chicago with a long list of books. â€Å"The librarian said, ‘that’s too many, young man. You’re going to have to cut it down.’ I said, ‘I can make it very easy. Just give me everything you got by Ibid.’ She said, ‘There’s no such writer.’ I called her a racist. I said, ‘Are you trying to keep me in darkness?â€⠄¢ And I walked out of there angry.†. Of course, footnotes are not the only or, in a variety of research and educational contexts, even the best method of reference. Moreover, as the Belafonte story indicates, there can be many obstacles in tracing down a reference path. However, as Grafton concludes in his study, the footnote is a critical part of the scholarly apparatus because it is such a clear and efficient mechanism to link one piece of scholarship with what its author has identified as the key reference points for the work. It serves as a guarantee, Grafton says, â€Å"that statements about the past derive from identifiable sources. And that is the only ground we have to trust [those statements]† (Grafton 1997: vii, 233-235).

Continuous Emotional Response to the Audio, Visual, and Audiovisual Cha

Television messages can be defined a psychological stimulus (A. Lang, 2000). Within this perspective, mediated messages are assumed to be environmental stimuli that posses survival relevance in the forms of valence and arousal in its content (A. Lang & Friestad, 1993; Wang & A. Lang, 2006). Therefore, mediated messages automatically activate the human motivational systems. Through activating the human motivational system, mediated messages influence human’s ongoing emotional experience (A. Lang, 2006a). Television messages are composed of two streams of variously redundant information, one audio and one video (A. Lang, 2000). These streams of information are continuous, and both the audio and the video channels carry story, content (including motivational significance), and structural information (Basil, 1994a; A. Lang, 2000; Thorson, Reeves, & Schleuder, 1985). Visual channel carries the context in which the story is set; it can include still pictures, moving pictures, text, live action images, animated images, or a combination of these. The auditory channel serves the script or storyline of a television program; it can also have natural sound information, or sound effects (A. Lang, 2006a; Russell, 2002). Regarding the television research under the LC4MP paradigm, it have been discussed the relationship between emotional audiovisual content, emotional experience, and cognitive response. Studies have proved viewers have better memory for arousing or negative audiovisual content (Grabe, A. Lang, & Zhao, 2003; A. Lang et al., 1996). On the other hand, researches also point out that the structural feature in audiovisual messages like fast edits (A. Lang, Zhou, Schwartz, Bolls, & Potter, 2000) or fast pacing (A. Lang, Bolls, Pott... ...teractively activate the motivational systems and determine emotional experience. This study will represent a first to address this important issue. Because the emotional relevance of mediated messages activate the human motivational systems (A. Lang et al., 2007; A. Lang, Shin, & Lee, 2005), it is important to develop understanding of the influence of various channels or modalities on motivational activation and emotional experience. By advancing understandings of motivational activation stands to contribute to knowledge about cognitive processing of information in mediated messages. Automatic allocation of processing resources to cognitive processing of information in audiovisual messages depends largely on motivational activation (A. Lang et al., 1999; A. Lang, Dhillon, & Dong, 1995; A. Lang et al., 1996; A. Lang, Park, Sanders-Jackson, Wilson, & Wang, 2007).

Involvement of USA in Korean War Essay

Different from its involvement in the Vietnam War? In the 40à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s onwards USA got interested in Asian affairs. Taking into account the fact that they were not defending themselves or any other American ally, they had to further extend territorial boundaries to fall on political-ideological frontiers. Indeed, they were defending its territory from enemies in a new scale: the fear against the developing communism over the world. In these lines, Korea and Vietnam portrayed two international hotspots now focused on Asia, as the stage within the fight of the two global powers: USA and the Soviet Union. Anyways, were the circumstances by which USA faced communism in both countries different? First of all, the background in South-East Asia determined in great scale American intervention in the area, since either country were occupied by other foreign powers: while Korea was under Japanese domination, Vietnam still remained part of the French empire (later becoming member of the French Union). The first case of Korea was already been the stage of the war between democracy and communism. USA was quite anxious since the conflict that had already happened in Germany and the one that was going on in Turkey and Greece, both cases falling under soviet beliefs. After the defeat of the Chinese Kuomintang in 1949, by communist Mao, American leaders began fearing that the rapid spread of the system around the world would be successful one more time in Asia. Thus, USA decided to risk and try obtaining new territory that would give them an ally in East Asia, which, in turn, would give it time to plan more attempts and new victory against communism. Thus, they fought against the Japanese settlement as an excuse to free the territory in the name of democracy. However, the Soviet Union was also very interested in the area for the same reasons: a new ally and victory against capitalism. Anyways, the whole territory was firstly freed under the name of United Nations, towards democracy, for â€Å"support free peoples who are resenting attempt subjugation†. However both powers claimed their part very soon. Both powers set up a divisor line along the 38th parallel, where the North would be under Soviet aim and the South by American intervention. Then, although elections were held in South Korea (August 1938) supported by UN, Russia rejected to do so in the North. The South became the independent Republic of Korea and the North adopted the name of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, very much in the lines of Chinese system. The tension now remained very high at either sides of the line. Since the president of North Korea by the time, Kin IL Sung might have been encouraged by the Chinese government and Russia with military supplies to test USA President, Truman’s determination, showing him that communism was the dominant power in Pacific Asia, also with the promise of spreading further very soon. At that stage, ‘the domino theory’ was beginning in American minds. This concept applies to the idea that the fall of one state to a common system would lead inexorably to a series of the same. Therefore, if communism triumphed in China and Korea was already under its influence, the wave could have an unlimited repercussion in the entire area of South-East Asia. Thus, behind these ideas, American troops were ordered to Korea to withdraw North Korean’s troops after their invasion in the south republic, together with forces from another 14 countries all under the command of General McArthur. However, afterwards, South Korea was almost taken by North Korea troops but American troops regained control in the territory later and also two thirds of North Korea, in its advance northwards. With this movement, they eventually placed a fleet between Taiwan and China mainland. Thus, China now feared them to help Chiang Kai-Shek troops from the island to come again and conquer the region of Manchuria as the most important industrial and strategic area. This attempt, if successful, would cut off the problem of communism in Asia, since China would turn back to democracy and therefore either North Korea would remain isolated or without Chinese help, she would not be able to survive in the area for long. These reasons made the Chinese government launch a massive counter offensive in 1951 that captured South Korea capital again. Now McArthur was afraid of Chinese power and thought that the best strategy to defeat communism in the area was only possible with atomic bombs. With this new horizon within the fight, president Truman feared a large-scale war that would provoke a nuclear war, which USA did not want. It pointed out the American limitations that would enclose them within the fight: they feared communism because the nuclear power that could destroy them, but the only force capable to defeat it was their nuclear power, something that, however, they could not use since it would drag them into a fatal war. Thus, now, the only American possibility focused to settle in East Asia to contain communism there: in January 1951 UN troops expelled the North Koreans troops from South Korea and fortified the frontier, until in July 1953, both countries firmed a peace agreement that stated the limit at the 38th parallel. After American impossibility for annexation of territories in East Asia, the new step had to be focused in the South, due to the independence of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from the French Union (Geneva Agreement, 1954). Then, Vietnam was temporarily divided into two countries, and analogously as Korea, the frontier was established at another parallel, in this case the 17th one. In 1956, elections were to be held in the whole country, but they never were and only in South Vietnam a referendum was held in 1955, which gave Ngo Dinh Diem as the president. He did not want to hold elections for the whole country and USA, with Eisenhower as the new president feared much more intensely the ‘domino effect’. Moreover, Diem was unable to rule the country, mainly because he was very unpopular among the peasants, which furthover, in the future encouraged unwilling towards American presence in the south and appetence for communism. At this stage the Vietcong (the guerrillas) in the south were receiving supplies, equipment and troops from North Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh, who was leader of the resistance against French Union and who wanted communism to rule the country, thought that giving aid to South Vietnam against Diem, national elections would not be held and to unify the countries forces would be necessary. Thus, the next American presidencies had to launch a very strong campaign to stop the communism wave in Vietnam: -Kennedy (1961-3) tried to keep American involvement against the guerrilla, by sending ‘advisors’, military equipment and enclosing local peasants into fortified villages to isolate the Vietcong outside. However, this failed since most of the peasants were members of the Vietcong. -Johnson (1963-9) decided to bomb North Vietnam (1965), as he thought that Ho Chi Minh controlled directly the Vietcong. He also sent half million troops in the south. However, due to the great pressure of American public against the war, since they saw the conflict as a total failure, Johnson stopped the bombing in March 1968, although he did not want to withdraw. -Nixon (1969-74) based his plan in the new concept of ‘Vietnamization’: As public opinion did not allow him to send more troops to Vietnam, he would use the ones that were already there to re-army the Vietnamese army keep their own defence. That would allow gradually American troops to withdraw. However, he began a new wave of bombing in the north, but this time including Cambodia and Laos, as they were receiving supplies and troops from North Vietnam. Despite all the measures and policies, at the end of 1972, the Vietcong controlled almost the entire territory and several factors obligated the American intervention to reach the end. Eventually a ceasefire was agreed in January 1973. Then, American troops were withdrawn and in 1975 the Vietcong unified the whole country under a communism government by occupying Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam. Also in Laos and Cambodia the system was established the same year. Taking all these explanations into account, I can state that there were slight differences between the American policies in both the Korean and the Vietnamese wars. The main reason was the potential force used in each one, and China played an important part. It applies to the fact that the attack against them was not as ruthless as in Vietnam, mainly due to Chinese power. While in Vietnam neither China nor Russia supported the army as directly as in Vietnam, in Korea China was directly involved since the problem was slighted related with the relationship between USA and Chiang Kai-Shek troops. For China, American troops recovered Manchuria, they would give back China mainland to them. Communist China was not willing to accept that, and USA knew that she was capable of fighting bravely to an extent that USA did not want to test, since the split of the Sino-Soviet agreement left China in an uncertain situation from the international point of view: â€Å"We do not want the fighting in Korea to expand into a general war†. Therefore, American government did not risk indeed and the only price was to lose North Korea. Nevertheless, in Vietnam they could use a more violent system as they communist China was already established and did not fear USA any more. Moreover, the conflict was seen under UN eyes: â€Å"solely for the purpose of restoring the Republic to its status prior to the invasion†. For international support, it was a fight towards the human rights, since North Korea under communism did not want to hold elections. However, UN never supported the war in Vietnam and the international view of the war and American methods to be victorious pressed the government to reach the end of the conflict. Therefore, differences between the both wars was mainly due to internal factors of each country, but especially the foreign intervention that encouraged or restrained American actions to act in one way or another.

Describe the definition of nursing as put forward by the American Nurses Association. How does it address the metaparadigm theories of nursing? Essay

The ANA defines nursing as â€Å"the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations† (American Nurses Association website, n.d.). The 4 metaparadigms of nursing are person, environment, health/illness, and nursing. All 4 are interrelated and describe the central interest of the nursing discipline (Gunther, 2011). The ANA addresses the 4 concepts in its definition of nursing. The person is central to the ANA definition. Nursing considers a person as a whole and not only the present illness. The nursing process allows a nurse to focus on a patient as an individual. In defining nursing, the ANA addresses the concept of The Person when referring to â€Å"the individuals, families, communities, and populations† (ANA website, n.d.). By collecting pertinent data, nurses identify patient’s current responses and the ability of that person to manage his/her care, and are then able to make clinical judgments about individual, family, or communities’ response to health problems or life processes. One of the six essential features of nursing put forth by the ANA is â€Å"attention to the range of human experiences and responses to health and illness within the physical and social environments† (ANA website, n.d.). Nursing is concerned with human responses as they relate to the person’s environment whether it is in the hospital or in the community. With the help of the nursing process, nurses assess the person’s environment through the collection of subjective and objective data, perform risk assessments, identify safety hazards, and implement safety practices that will improve the patient’s health status and prevent further injury or illness. The first two concepts are closely related to the third concept: Health/Illness. It is also addressed in the ANA’s definition of nursing. Nurses use critical thinking to promote and restore health, and prevent illness. Through evidence-based practice, nurses are able to provide scientific rationales for the nursing interventions chosen to reach appropriate patient goals. Emphasis is often placed on patient education, the basic purpose of which is to provide patients and their families with the necessary skills that will  enable them to optimize their health and functioning (Taylor, Lillis, LeMone, & Lynn, 2011). The fourth concept refers to the actions a nurse takes when providing patient care (Gunther, 2011). This concept incorporates within itself the first three and it is embodied in the ANA definition of nursing as a whole. Nurses use a unique knowledge base to diagnose and treat a wide range of human responses to a variety of factors, including not only the physiologic but also the sociologic, spiritual, and environmental factors. Nurses establish and carry out a plan of care for each person individually through the use of well-established actions to facilitate health and healing. References American Nurses Association website. (n.d.). www.nursingworld.org Gunther, M. (2011). Theories and frameworks for professional nursing practice. In J. L. Creasia, & E. E. Friberg (Eds.), Conceptual foundations: The bridge to professional nursing practice (5th ed.). Retrieved from https://evolve.elsevier.com Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., & Lynn, P. (2011). Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Collaborative Fund-Raising Activit Essay

The Phoenix Homeless Agency (PHA) needs to increase funding to continue funding job counseling to qualifying recipients. While they regularly access traditional contracts and grants, the economy has increased the need for services immensely and required them to look for other sources. The Executive Director and Board of Directors have begun their search by using the internet, other agencies, and community networking. They have decided that there are three options that would yield revenue while also keeping costs under control so that they have money left over for their program; appealing to local government officials, contacting local businesses for donations, and holding a strong public donation campaign. First, by contacting local government officials the agency may access information about funding that is available to community agencies that are not related to federal or state traditional grants and contracts. These may include United Way, connections to people who may wish to donate, grants from large out-of the area businesses and foundations, or city donations to help people find work. They may also employ grant writers who may be able to help organization understand the locating and writing process to achieve better results. Second, local businesses are often feeling the pinch of the economy as hard as individuals. They understand that people need help and will donate products to be sold in exchange for tax donation credit. These donations could either be sold or used within the program; either raising money by their sale or saving the program money, respectively. Ultimately, the people they help may become their future employees and/or consumers; people remember who helped them when they were in dire straights. Auctions, in-kind trade of services, and door-to-door product sales may raise money which can be helpful in the continuation of the program with very little if any cost. Lastly, the option to run a strong donation drive within the community may be quite successful. This agency has been helping the local people for many years and many will wish to see it continue its work. At a time when support may be needed the most, communities tend to rally behind local agencies rather than donate to larger, more nationally-based organizations because they can see the way their money is being spent. Asking people for money is never a pleasant or easy task, but when the option is ceasing to exist, it must be done. Appealing to individuals helps pull the community together and provides much needed assistance to agencies.

High School and Best Possible Education Essay

Constant: A situation or state of affairs that doesn’t change. [1] When I think constants, I think of things that might not come to the mind of the â€Å"average person† (if there truly is such a thing). These things include the speed of light, gravitational acceleration on Earth, and, as a teenage boy, my desire for food.| [2] The concept of constants really fascinates me because they provide a surefire way of knowing, and I look to incorporate constants into my life for that very reason.| [3] I never outgrew the curiosity I possessed in the first few years of life. Although now a bit more sophisticated and focused, my curiosity is still as exuberant as the days before I could even say the word constant. Education is the one thing that satisfies this unconquerable hunger for information, a hunger that parallels my constant appetite. Constantly satisfying this hunger is just one of many constants I wish to pursue in life.| Growing up, there weren’t many constants in my life. My parents divorced when I was three, ensuing a custody battle that left my older brother, younger sister, and I in the care of a foster home. [4] Eventually we landed in my dad’s parent’s house where we lived for two years until finally reuniting with my dad. I’d visit my mom every other weekend, continuing that for a couple years until my dad decided we were making a journey across the country, twenty-one hundred miles from Phoenix, Arizona, to the heart of the south; Charleston, South Carolina.| [5] After having spent the first eight years of my life virtually nomadic, this was just another adventure. Also, changes of scenery always fascinated me.| Dinner at La Hacienda transformed into Sunday morning breakfast at Granny’s, a small diner run by elderly women in the community, famous for authentic soul food and southern hospitality. (New Paragraph)After a brief year situated in a thriving suburb of Charleston, I moved forty-five minutes away to North Charleston; a much different environment. [6] I stayed for three years and attended third to fifth grade with the friends I made. These were the first real relationships I had formed with people my age and they helped open my eyes to an entirely new culture.| [7] I recently discovered statistics regarding the school I attended and they were quite shocking. My memory doesn’t match the way the rankings portray the school. After all, I had many memorable experiences there and never a negative thought about the place. Of the 224 middle schools ranked in the South Carolina, Morningside Middle School was 224th. 86% of the students were black, 8% were Hispanic, and the remaining 6% white. The change in diversity opened my eyes and mind to an equally fascinating way of life.| (New Paragraph) [8] After a small taste of establishment, it was time to move yet again. My dad, looking to start a business, led us to a suburb south of Jacksonville, Florida. Just as with South Carolina, we didn’t settle long upon arriving in Florida. After moving twice in the first two years, we settled into the house I have lived for four years now, in a suburb south of Jacksonville.| I started taking classes deemed â€Å"gifted† in the 2nd grade, and continued them until I entered high school. [9] I enjoyed the small classes of students like me, thriving to learn and truly enjoying the process.| In the array of schools I attended, these classes all had a unique approach to education, which really helped feed my curiosity accompanying the introduction of all these new concepts. [10] After excelling throughout schooling, my education became my number one priority. I desired to learn and to go wherever to receive the best possible education. This led me to Ridgeview High School, the only school in the area offering the International Baccalaureate program. Here, I was certain I could receive an education that would prepare me for my next level of education (hopefully just one of many more). | Attending the same school for a fourth consecutive year is the closest I’ve come to a constant in my life, and it’s something that I would never dream of experiencing any other way. However, there’s still that part of me, that curious little boy, itching for adventure and a new environment to develop in and explore. [11] And in the process, fulfilling my priority of receiving the best possible education? That’s a dream come true. This opportunity is the stability I crave in life; places where I can thrive and pursue my dreams. These places are new maps, unlocked in the game of life, open for me to fully submerge myself. It’s a constant where I know I will be settled and form new friendships, equally as strong as the ones I have now. I know my education is not only my own priority, but the priority of those providing me with it. I couldn’t envision a better environment to take the next step in life.|

American Military Bands up to the Civil War Era Essay

American Military Bands up to the Civil War Era - Essay Example Both the Union and Confederate soldiers often engaged in recreation with songs and musical instruments. Indeed whereas songs and music that were played on the battlefields were usually intended to boost the morale of the soldiers, those that were played at night or at leisure were meant for recreation. Music as the Embodiments of Cultures and Political Ideals Both the Union and the Confederate soldiers had their own favorite music and tunes that were harmonious with their political and cultural ideals. Yet some music was enjoyed by both parties alike. One of these commonly cherished music and songs was the "I Wish I Was in Dixie" or "Dixie's Land". Though during the Civil War the song was the unofficial anthem of the Confederacy, it became commonly popular across the United States because of its unique dealings with the black people’s slavery in the country. The music won the heart of the pro-slavery southerners by its pictorial quality of presenting the black people as lazy, ignorant, superstitious, buffoonish, joyous, and musical; but for the same reason for the Northerners’ the â€Å"Dixie† was a marvelous example of proslavery culture of the Old South, offensive to a free American Identity (Silber 97). Official Approval of Military Bands Appreciating the inspirational value of music in wars, the War Department of the United States officially allocated a brass band of 24 members for every infantry and artillery regiment, and a band of 16 members for the cavalry regiments. The Confederate Army also had at least two musicians for each regiment. A survey shows that during the Civil War, about seventy five percent of the Union Army regiments had a band group and the total number of the musicians in the army was about 28,000 musicians in 618 bands. Musicians were not only meant for the entertainment of the soldiers but also for maintaining discipline and orderliness among them. Military musicians especially the buglers and drummers had to lea rn about forty nine different calls including the battle commands as well as the call for the meal. Like the buglers the drummers needed to learn about â€Å"39 different beats: fourteen for general use and 24 for marching cadence† (Miller 58). Music as an Inspiration for Soldiers in the Battlefield Though in July 1861 the role of the musicians in war was ignored and dismantled under the crushing pressure of war-situation, both music and musicians played a great part in determining the fate of the war. In a letter to George F. Root Lincoln wrote a letter, "You have done more than a hundred generals and a thousand orators" (Branham 97). Union general Phillip Sheridan believed that â€Å"Music has done its share, and more than its share, in winning this war† (Lanning 46). Both in the battlefield and camp, musicians’ influence were enormous. The surviving soldiers of bloody battlefield of Pickett’s Charge returned singing the song â€Å"Nearer My God to The e† that served a spiritual compensation for the exhausted and heavily-suffering the soldiers. At the battlefield of Five Forks, Union musicians sacrificed their lives while playing â€Å"Nelly Bly† as a peace message at the front line of the battle under General Sheridan’s order. Seeing the agents of peace being shot at the front line infuriated the union soldiers and helped them to become morally revamped. At the Battle of Williamsburg, Commander Samuel P. Heintzman ordered the military band to play anything that could boost

Sub-Problems in Decision Making of Business Management Literature review

Sub-Problems in Decision Making of Business Management - Literature review Example Researchers emphasize on the fact that decision making is simply a rational process or ideology that takes place within any organization. Many studies however, fail to emphasize on the fact that taking a decision involves various stages where formulating a particular decision can take time and effort, and can have multiple variables involved as well. Theorists have developed mathematical models based on averages and probabilities through which alternatives can be evaluated before taking a final decision. These models have been utilized in several industries and in various areas in order to evaluate various alternatives at hand in order to make a decision. In this context, it must be noted that even though these models allow for rational decision making in a scenario where all other variables are constant, environment plays a critical role in how businesses take their decisions. For instance, organizations where dynamism is lacking and munificence is low, it may be noted that decision s may not be as rational as dictated by the mathematical models. ... In this context, this research will particularly emphasize on some problems that are related to decision making within organizations, and evaluate why organizations face these particular problems at hand. In addition to that, the research will aim to identify various ways through which organizations can improve their decision making ability based on the answers ascertained through this research for the hypotheses formulated below. Sub-Problems in Decision Making of Business Management 1. The time and place to use programmed or non-programmed decision making is always a problem in business management. 2. Lack of dynamism affects the decision making and becomes a major problem in business management. 3. Lack of munificence negatively affects the ability of the managers to take risk. Thus affects the decision making in business management. Hypothesis Based on the fact that each organization requires a certain level of decision making at each layer within the hierarchy, following problem s have been identified in general, pertaining to decision making: 1. Mathematical models for decision making are only useful when undertaking rational decision making. 2. Decision making will not be rational if dynamism within an organization is not present. 3. Risk taking within organizations is reduced when munificence is not present within organizations. This leads to lack of rational decision making at each step within the organization. These hypotheses will be tested within the research, after conducting a detailed primary and secondary research, including review of literature and conducting quantitative research as well. Literature Review Decision

Medical workers involved in CIA interrogations Essay

Medical workers involved in CIA interrogations - Essay Example The fact remains that harm was caused to the prisoners. The intentions are not a factor when determining a breach of medical, moral ethics. Belmont report identifies three principles that must be adhered to when conducting researchers with the human being as study sample. They include the protection of human rights, ensuring justice so that those who bear the burden should also reap the benefits and the beneficence principle which requires the express consent of the people involved. In this research, none of the principles were upheld. Human rights were abused, and the prisoners were not done any justice as they were not the beneficiary. Further, the prisoners did not consent to the research and hence the beneficence principle was disregarded. The actions by the doctors were evil when looked at in different dimensions: religion, secular or even to Kant’s ethics. There is no religion or secular civilization that supports human right abuse. Even Kant’s ethics prioritizes the respect for human right. I do not agree with the policy of treating such reports as confidential. Utility principle has it that the report would only be important if intended to create happiness and pleasure. As such, if the report cannot be used to prevent such human abuse from re-occurring, then it was an effort in futility. I think doctors in such cases should be personally held responsible for causing harm to persons. I think the principle of human right should come to play to ensure that its abuse is punished according to the law.

General Douglas MacArthur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

General Douglas MacArthur - Essay Example General MacArthur was supposedly larger-than-life, outspoken, talented and egoistic, and he often courted controversy. (History). One of his trademarks was the corncob pipe he smoked, which was custom made by ‘The Missouri Meerschaum Company’, which continues to manufacture the pipes in his honor. He graduated from the US Military Academy at the top of his class in 1903. (Biography). He was the intense American military pioneer who saved the Pacific, yet Freda Bender says General Douglas Macarthur had an astounding delicate side outside the war room. (Cardy). After Graduating at the top of his class in 1903, he was positioned in the Philippines and around the United States, served as a helper to his father in the Far East and partook in the American the occupation of Veracruz, Mexico, in 1914. After the United States entered World War I in 1917, Macarthur helped lead the 42nd "Rainbow" Division in France and was elevated to brigadier general. (History). From 1919 to 1922 Douglas Macarthur served as the superintendent of West Point and founded a mixed bag of changes expected to modernize the school. In 1922 he went on to marry socialite Louise Cromwell Brooks (1890-1965). The two separated in 1929, and in 1937 Macarthur wedded Jean Faircloth (1898-2000), who soon attacked the Philippines with whom he had one kid, Arthur Macarthur IV, the accompanying year. In 1930 President Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) named Macarthur head of staff of the Army, with the rank of general.

Project Management - Organization and Communication (U5DB) Essay

Project Management - Organization and Communication (U5DB) - Essay Example The fifth tip is to practice the art of paraphrasing. The sixth tip is to carefully watch for and observe the demonstration of feelings from the other party. Finally, do not be afraid to ask questions for clarification (Lewis and Graham, 2003). In order to conduct a more productive and effective meeting, those in charge absolutely must stay focused on the subject at hand. EffectiveMeetings.com offers six objective tips for conducting more effective meetings. They include not meeting if the information can be exchanged through a memo or similar method, having a predetermined list of objectives for each meeting, having a predetermined agenda for each meeting, having action plans for items discussed in the meeting, and reviewing the process of each meeting at the end in order to determine how effective it was (EffectiveMeetings.com, 2008). Project reports are a useful tool that can be used for various different reasons. There are many different sets of guidelines that are available for one to follow when writing a report for any type of project, but most of them carry the same basic advice. First of all, data should be processed and placed directly into the report. Second, the audience should be determined and the report should be worded in such a manner that it addresses that audience. Third, examples and templates can be extremely helpful in deciding upon report formatting. Fourth, reports should follow a detailed layout plan. Fifth, explanations should be clear and logical. Sixth, points should be easy to understand and well-supported. Seventh, the readers’ attention should be kept throughout. It is also important that back-up reports be kept in a safe place and that a draft is provided to the project supervisor for review (University College London, 2008). Lewis, T.D. and G. Graham. (2003). 7 tips for effective listening: Productive listening does not occur naturally. It requires hard work and practice. Internal Auditor. Retrieved April 24,

The Effects of the Great Depression on Children Essay

The Effects of the Great Depression on Children - Essay Example It is an idea of creating a clinic, which will give the needed services to the children who are economically challenged families. For this clinic to be successful and efficient, some employees must be involved. They must be qualified to be dedicated to their work. They must be equipped to develop a health center with services that focus on the prevention of some diseases (Dunlop, 1995). Two doctors must be hired, and four nurses who will help to provide the necessary services. The support staffs hired should be from the local for the benefit of the community. Equipment is the most essential, therefore, spending a lot to purchase and maintain will enable the doctors and nurses perform their work effectively. The staff should be there to give the needed support to the doctors and nurses (Dunlop, 1995). The clinic will handle approximately 150 children in a day. The possible challenges might be the shortage of employees and equipment to be used. Lack of support from the government to the clinic will be a challenge too. Children who may not get the required service may get a referral to other hospitals. Those who cannot afford the stated cost may acquire medical cover early enough for future

Has the Digital Revolution Had a Positive or Negative Effect on Essay

Has the Digital Revolution Had a Positive or Negative Effect on Communication in Today's Society - Essay Example The ability of computers to replicate and generate digital and graphical information enabled the digital world to flourish. The computers and the internet is the soul to the business world and with most part of the population possessing a personal computer allowed the digital technology to penetrate into every aspect of human life. The social media has advanced beyond imagination and every field from educational to entertainment has evolved drastically. According to (Walker ,1999,pg.39-48)â€Å"All types of information can now be transformed into digital form, manipulated by computers and transmitted by common networks†. The telecommunication field, media and information technology field has seen unbelievable changes due to the digital revolution. Moreover, the advancement in communication field has enabled the world economies to prosper in a short span of time. In concise, the revolution in digital world with the application of unique technology, methods and hardware has posi tively changed the face of the world. Positive Effects of Digital Revolution The technological, social media and communication field has undergone profound change due to digital revolution. ... In the article (Nations,2011)writes thatâ€Å" social media is such a broad term, it covers a large range of websites. But the one common link between these websites is that you are able to interact with the website and interact with other visitors†. Along with social media, the education sector has also seen major change which promoted the learning quality of students worldwide. Nowadays most of the educational curriculum is online based as it allows multimedia application which enhances the quality and absorption of learning information. Internet has advanced the communication procedure of students as they are facilitated with an advantage of online education. With the emergence of online education, students are rarely confined to a specific physical space. Digital evolution has given opportunity to students to access educational information and participate in educational programs and courses from any part of the world in minimum time. Apart from students, educators are equa lly benefited from online education as it eases the learning procedure and its outcome. Even the entertainment source of people has changed enormously due to advancement in digital technology. Today, video games has emerged has a main source of leisure activity for both young and adults alike. The video game has taken over the entertainment world as it exemplifies the leisure activity of people with its inspiring graphical and virtual presentation. According to (Beaumont,2009) â€Å"The sales of video games in the four years between 2003 to 2007 increased 40 per cent in the US, while over that same period, sales of cinema tickets had fallen six per cent†. The next best entertainment source for people are social websites and chatting services

Moral absolutism Essay Example for Free

Moral absolutism Essay The choices we make in our everyday life all have to do with our ethics. In this paper the topic will discuss the similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. In order to understand the similarities, and differences of virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics we must first define them. Virtue theory is defined as a moral excellence. It is a positive trait quality demand to be morally good and is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. It takes the viewpoint that in living your life you should try to cultivate excellence in all that you do and all that others do. Utilitarianism is a theory that suggests that an action is morally right when that action produces more utility for the group than any other alternative. We need to understand what our consequence would be based on our choice. When we make the right choice we will get a positive consequence and are acting morally; if we make the wrong choice the consequences will be acting immorally. Deontological moral is focused on loyalty to independent moral rules or duties. To make the right choices we need to comprehend what our duties are and the rules of our moral perspective. This is a matter of what we view to be moral or immorally based on our beliefs. The similarities between the three theories represent the good in people and how they strive for excellence. The differences are with virtue theory describes a person’s character, cultivating excellence in all we do. Utilitarianism addresses ethical and morality issues by addressing the balance of good over bad consequences. The morality associated with this theory suggests actions that produce a total utility for the group. Deontological ethics have a definition of a definition of a person’s dedication to recognize moral duties. In my current position as an assistant manager I am often put in a situation that includes some type of confidentiality with an associate that falls under me. If I am told about a certain situation that an associate is having in their personal life I have been told in trust and this be unethical for me to tell everyone else what is going on. Also when I have to write up any associate for work performance, that should be kept between me and that associate. For me to be able to keep my word about a particular situation involving any of my associates consist of moral concepts. Values, virtues, and ethics distinguish those actions as being morally right or morally wrong.